Ovens, Cooktops, and Range Hoods

Ovens: Choosing the Right Type and Features for Your Needs (Gas, Electric, Convection, Steam, Size, Smart Features)

Choosing the right oven can feel like a culinary quest, with a dizzying array of options vying for your attention. Gas, electric, convection, steam – where do you even begin? The key is understanding your cooking style, budget, and kitchen setup. This guide will break down the essential considerations for selecting the perfect oven to meet your needs.


First up: fuel type. Gas ovens offer precise temperature control and instant heat, favored by many serious cooks. They tend to be more affordable to operate in areas where gas is cheaper than electricity. Electric ovens, however, provide even heat distribution, crucial for consistent baking results. Theyre also easier to clean, thanks to their smooth, flat surfaces.


Then theres convection, a game-changer for many home cooks. A fan circulates hot air, reducing cooking times and promoting even browning. Convection ovens are excellent for roasting meats and baking pastries. If you're a health-conscious foodie, steam ovens offer a nutritious way to cook, preserving vitamins and minerals while adding moisture. They're ideal for steaming vegetables, fish, and even some desserts.


Size matters, especially if you regularly cook for a crowd or have limited kitchen space. Standard oven sizes range from 24 to 30 inches, while larger models cater to bigger families or ambitious bakers. Consider the capacity youll need based on your typical cooking habits.


Finally, in our increasingly connected world, smart features have made their way into the kitchen. Smart ovens offer features like remote preheating, automatic temperature adjustments, and even voice control. While not essential, these features can add convenience and streamline your cooking process.


Choosing the right oven is a personal decision. By carefully considering your cooking style, budget, and desired features, you can find the perfect oven to serve as your culinary companion for years to come. Dont be afraid to do your research, read reviews, and even visit appliance showrooms to see the ovens in person. After all, your oven is an investment in your kitchen and your passion for cooking.

Ovens: Choosing the Right Type and Features for Your Needs (Gas, Electric, Convection, Steam, Size, Smart Features)

Cooktops: Exploring Different Options and Configurations (Gas, Electric, Induction, Downdraft, Number of Burners/Elements)

Choosing the right cooktop is a major decision in any kitchen remodel or appliance upgrade. Its the workhorse of your culinary space, so understanding the different options and configurations is key to finding the perfect fit for your cooking style and needs. Lets break down the main contenders: gas, electric, induction, and downdraft, along with considerations for burner/element number.


Gas cooktops remain a popular choice, offering instant heat adjustability and visual feedback that many cooks appreciate. The open flame provides precise control, allowing for quick searing and simmering. Gas cooktops typically come in stainless steel or enamel finishes and offer a range of burner configurations, from basic four-burner setups to professional-style six or even eight-burner models for serious home chefs. However, gas requires a gas line connection and can be more challenging to clean due to the grates and burner components.


Electric cooktops are a reliable and often more budget-friendly option. Smoothtop electric cooktops provide a sleek, easy-to-clean surface, while traditional coil electric cooktops are the most basic and affordable. Electric cooktops offer consistent heat, though they can be slower to respond to temperature adjustments compared to gas. They are also easier to install than gas, requiring only an electrical connection.


Induction cooktops represent the cutting edge of cooking technology. They use electromagnetism to heat the cookware directly, resulting in incredibly fast heating and precise temperature control. Induction cooktops are also incredibly energy-efficient, as heat is only generated when cookware is present on the surface. The smoothtop surface is easy to clean, and many models offer safety features like automatic shut-off. However, induction cooktops require specific magnetic cookware, which may necessitate replacing some of your existing pots and pans.


Downdraft cooktops offer a unique ventilation solution by integrating a ventilation system directly into the cooking surface. This eliminates the need for a traditional overhead range hood, which can be particularly appealing in kitchens with limited space or where a range hood would obstruct a window view. Downdraft systems can be electric or induction and offer varying levels of ventilation power. However, they can be less effective at capturing smoke and grease than dedicated range hoods.


Finally, the number of burners or elements you need depends on your cooking habits and household size. A standard four-burner cooktop is sufficient for most families, while five or six burners offer more flexibility for preparing larger meals or cooking multiple dishes simultaneously. If youre a serious cook or frequently entertain, a professional-style range with six or more burners might be worth considering.


Ultimately, the best cooktop for you will depend on your individual needs and preferences. Consider your cooking style, budget, and kitchen layout when making your decision. By carefully weighing the pros and cons of each type and configuration, you can choose a cooktop that will serve as the heart of your kitchen for years to come.

Range Hoods: Effective Ventilation for a Cleaner and Healthier Kitchen (Types, CFM Ratings, Noise Levels, Ducting vs. Ductless)

A crucial but often overlooked component of a well-equipped kitchen is the range hood. Its more than just a stylish accessory; its your first line of defense against cooking fumes, grease, and airborne particles that can negatively impact both your kitchens cleanliness and your familys health. Choosing the right range hood involves understanding its various types, CFM ratings, noise levels, and whether to go ductless or ducted.


Range hoods come in various styles, each designed for different kitchen layouts and aesthetic preferences. Under-cabinet hoods are a popular choice due to their affordability and space-saving design, fitting snugly underneath your cabinets. Wall-mount chimney hoods make a bolder statement, becoming a focal point in the kitchen. Island hoods are designed for cooktops located on kitchen islands, hanging from the ceiling and offering 360-degree ventilation. Downdraft hoods, integrated into the cooktop, rise up only when needed, offering a sleek, minimalist look.


A key factor in range hood effectiveness is its CFM (cubic feet per minute) rating. This number indicates how much air the hood can move per minute. A higher CFM is generally better, especially for high-heat cooking methods like stir-frying or searing. Consider your cooking style and the size of your cooktop when choosing the appropriate CFM.


Noise level is another important consideration. A powerful hood might be effective, but a loud, droning noise can quickly become irritating. Look for hoods with lower sone ratings, which measure perceived loudness. Some manufacturers are now incorporating noise-reduction technology to minimize disruption.


Finally, youll need to decide between ducted and ductless ventilation. Ducted hoods vent air outside your home, offering the most effective removal of odors and pollutants. Ductless hoods, also known as recirculating hoods, filter the air and recirculate it back into the kitchen. While easier to install, they are generally less efficient at removing odors and require regular filter replacements.


Investing in a quality range hood is an investment in a cleaner, healthier, and more pleasant cooking environment. By considering the different types, CFM ratings, noise levels, and ducting options, you can choose the perfect range hood to suit your specific needs and create a kitchen youll love spending time in.

Range Hoods: Effective Ventilation for a Cleaner and Healthier Kitchen (Types, CFM Ratings, Noise Levels, Ducting vs. Ductless)

Integrating Appliances Seamlessly into Your Kitchen Design (Placement, Style, Finish, Coordination with Other Elements)

Integrating ovens, cooktops, and range hoods seamlessly into your kitchen design involves more than just picking appliances that perform well. Its about weaving them into the visual fabric of the space, creating a harmonious and functional cooking area. Placement, style, finish, and coordination with other elements are all key to achieving this.


Start with placement. Think about your cooking workflow. Do you prefer a wall oven or a range? Would a cooktop island suit your style, freeing up wall space? Consider proximity to other appliances like the refrigerator and sink to create an efficient work triangle. Ensure adequate counter space around the cooktop and oven for prepping and placing hot dishes.


Next, consider style. Are you drawn to a sleek, modern look with stainless steel and sharp lines? Or do you prefer a more traditional aesthetic with warm tones and ornate details? Your appliances should complement your overall kitchen design. A professional-style range might look out of place in a farmhouse kitchen, while a colorful retro refrigerator could clash with minimalist cabinets.


The finish of your appliances is another crucial element. Stainless steel remains a popular choice for its durability and timeless appeal. However, black stainless steel, slate, and even panel-ready appliances are gaining traction, offering more design flexibility. Maintaining a consistent finish across your appliances creates a cohesive and polished look.


Finally, coordinate your appliances with other kitchen elements. Consider the backsplash, countertops, and cabinetry. A bold backsplash might pair well with simpler appliances, while subtle countertops allow statement appliances to take center stage. Matching the range hood to the cabinetry or choosing a contrasting finish can create visual interest. Dont forget about the smaller details like hardware and lighting, which can tie the entire look together.


Integrating ovens, cooktops, and range hoods seamlessly into your kitchen design is a balancing act. By carefully considering placement, style, finish, and coordination, you can create a kitchen that is not only beautiful but also a joy to cook in. Its about creating a space that reflects your personal style and enhances your culinary experience.

Renovation (also called remodeling) is the process of improving broken, damaged, or outdated structures. Renovations are typically done on either commercial or residential buildings. Additionally, renovation can refer to making something new, or bringing something back to life and can apply in social contexts. For example, a community can be renovated if it is strengthened and revived. It can also be restoring something to a former better state (as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding). Renovation is very common in some places. For example, there are more than twenty thousand home improvement projects every year in Hong Kong, affecting more than a million residents[1] (population of HK is around 7.5 million in 2023).[2]

Truman's renovation of the White House, 17 May 1950

Phases and process of renovations

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The interior of a Victorian building in Lincoln Park, Chicago in the process of being renovated in June 1971. Note the elements of the edifice scattered and sorted about.

The building renovation process can usually, depending on the extents of the renovation, be broken down into several phases. The phases are as follow.[3]

  • [[ |Project]] initiation - The beginning of the project that includes the hiring of construction and design teams, defining the scope of the work, creating a budget, and communicating the needs, expectations, and wants from both the client and building team[4][5]
  • Existing conditions analysis - This includes measuring, drawing,] and analyzing the structure to be renovated, and identifying any major issues with the project that could effect work to be done[5]
  • Initial design - Beginning the design work by testing out concept ideas, designing multiple iterations of outcomes, communicating with the client, and receiving client feedback on the design to make changes[4]
  • Finalizing design - Finalizing the design work by making sure the design is what the client wants, making sure the design works with existing conditions, creating a more detailed design (including specs and engineering), also could include the beginning of construction or demolition work while the design is being finalized[4]
  • Construction and demolition - Starting the physical work by completing demolition needed, structural repairs needed, building new designed conditions, applying finishes, and trouble shooting any problems or unknown conditions that are brought to light during construction[4]
  • Project finalization - The end of the project which includes turnover to the client, punch listing, walking through with the client, and verifying that project scope and expectations were met[4]

Projects involving renovation require not just flexibility, but a plan that had been agreed upon by multiple parties. The planning process will involve feedback from financial investors of the project, and from the designer. Part of planning will also entail the collection of data for the completion of the project and then the project plan will be revised and given consent before continuing with renovations.[6]

Technology has had a meaningful effect on the renovation process, increasing the significance and strength of the planning stage. The availability of free online design tools has improved visualization of the changes, at a fraction of the cost of hiring a professional designer. The decision regarding changes is also influenced by the purpose of basement renovation [1]. Depending on the significance of these changes a professional may be required, especially if any changes other than cosmetic work (paint or finishes) is required. Many local codes require a professional to complete work in the built environment such as structural changes, new walls, new plumbing, or many others. Doing these changes without hiring a professional can result in health effects, safety concerns, damages, fines, and increased cost due to having to hire a professional after self-work.[7] Most builders focus on building new homes, so renovating is typically a part-time activity for such tradespeople. The processes and services required for renovations are quite specific and, once plans are signed off, building a new home is relatively predictable. However, during renovation projects, flexibility is often required from renovation companies to respond to unexpected issues that arise. Renovations usually require all of the sub-trades that are needed for the construction of a new building.

In case of a so-called "fix-and-flip" (repair and resell) objective, an ROI (return on investment) can result from changes to fix a structural issue, to fix design flow yield,[8] or to use light and color to make rooms appear more spacious. Because interior renovation could change of the internal structure of the house, ceiling construction, circuit configuration and partition walls, etc., such work related to the structure of the house, of course, also includes renovation of wallpaper posting, furniture settings, lighting, etc often times an interior designer is required as well.[9]

Reasons to renovate

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Homes

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renovated]] because of the devastations, such as Rovaniemi in Lapland, Finland.[10] Video about the post-war era reconstruction of Rovaniemi in 1949.

Many people renovate homes to create a new appearance. Builders may renovate homes to enhance the home's value as a stable source of income.[11] Homeowners often renovate their homes to increase the re-sale value and to turn a profit when selling. Homeowners may also want to add renovations that make their home more energy efficient, green or sustainable.[12] Also, over time, a homeowner's personal preferences and needs may change, and the home will be renovated for improved aesthetics, comfort, or functionality.

Other properties

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Other types of renovations also can be initiated for similar reasons. The user or owner of a building can change which can effect the needs or wants for the space prompting a renovation. This is becoming more popular as buildings owners are renting or leasing floors or sections of the buildings to companies which have different spacial requirements than the previous users causing needed renovation. Renovations can also occur as companies increase size which could lead to needed additional retail, office, or other types of spaces. Similarly to homes other building owners could also want renovations to increased value, make the building more energy efficient, green or sustainable, or to update the building.[13] Sometimes shopping centres or shops are renovated to raise rent later.

Materials

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Wood

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Wood is versatile and flexible, making it the easiest construction material for renovations, and wood buildings can be redesigned to suit changing needs. Few homeowners or professional remodelers possess the skill and equipment that is required to alter steel-frame or concrete structures.

When looking at embodied carbon in building materials wood is often labeled as the most sustainable. This is because it sequesters carbon which if certified sustainably sourced will significantly reduce embodied carbon of buildings. This makes it a low emitting choice for a building material for an overall building and for renovations.[14]

Forest certification verifies that wood products have been sourced from well-managed forests. Most certification programs provide online search options so that consumers can find certified products—the Certification Canada program includes a search option for all of the certification programs that are in use in Canada.[15]

In North America, most structures are demolished because of external forces such as zoning changes and rising land values. Additionally, buildings that cannot be modified to serve the functional needs of the occupants are subject to demolition. Very few buildings on the continent are demolished due to structural degradation.[16]

The Athena Institute surveyed 227 commercial and residential buildings that were demolished in St. Paul, Minnesota, between 2000 and mid-2003. Thirty percent of the buildings were less than 50 years old, and 6% were less than 25 years old. The four top reasons for demolition were "area redevelopment" (35%), "building's physical condition" (31%), "not suitable for anticipated use" (22%), and "fire damage" (7%). Lack of maintenance was cited as the specific problem for 54 of the 70 buildings where physical condition was given as the reason for demolition.[16]

Plastics

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Plastics are extensively used in the construction and renovation industry.[17] Airborne microplastic dust is produced during renovation, building, bridge and road reconstruction projects[18] and the use of power tools.[19] It is also generated by deterioration of building materials[20]

Materials containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate, polypropylene, and acrylic, can degrade overtime releasing microplastics.[17] During the construction process single use plastic containers and wrappers are discarded adding to plastic waste.[21] These plastics are difficult to recycle and end up in landfills where they break down over a long period of time causing potential leaching into the soil and the release of airborne microplastics.[22][23] Efforts have been made to reduce plastic waste by adding it to concrete as agglomerates. However, one solution for resolving the problem from the large amount of plastic wastes generated could bring another serious problem of leaching of microplastics. The unknown part of this area is huge and needs prompt investigation.[24]

Around twenty percent of all plastics and seventy percent of all polyvinyl chloride (PVC) produced in the world each year are used by the construction industry.[25][26] It is predicted that much more will be produced and used in the future.[25] "In Europe, approximately 20% of all plastics produced are used in the construction sector including different classes of plastics, waste and nanomaterials."[26]

Others

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A shop under renovation, Hong Kong. The type of dust generated depends on the material being worked on. For example, in the above photo the dust does not seem to be solely wood dust, concrete dust, metal dust or paint dust.
 

Tools and equipment

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While the type of material used will determine the composition of the dust generated, the size and amount of particulates produced are mainly determined by the type of tool used. Implementation of effective dust control measures may also play a role.

Video: An angle grinder is used for cutting through a steel chain. The chain is kept under tension by a second person to avoid a blockade of the grinder. Large amounts of potentially harmful particulates (metal dust) are being generated.)

Use of angle grinder is not preferred as large amounts of harmful sparks and fumes (and particulates) are generated when compared with using reciprocating saw or band saw.[27] Angle grinders produce sparks when cutting ferrous metals. They also produce shards cutting other materials. The blades themselves may also break. This is a great hazard to the face and eyes especially, as well as other parts of the body.[28]

Adverse effects of power tool use

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Use of power tools can cause adverse effects on people living nearby. Power tools can produce large amounts of particulates including ultrafine particles.[29]

Particulates are the most harmful form (other than ultra-fines) of air pollution[30] There is no safe level of particulates.[31]

Many tasks create dust. High dust levels are caused by one of more the following:[32]

A high dust level example.
  • equipment – using high energy tools, such as cut-off saws, grinders, wall chasers and grit blasters produce a lot of dust in a very short time
  • work method – dry sweeping can make a lot of dust when compared to vacuuming or wet brushing
  • work area – the more enclosed a space, the more the dust will build up
  • time – the longer you work the more dust there will be

Examples of high dust level tasks include:[32]

  • using power tools to cut, grind, drill or prepare a surface
  • sanding taped plaster board joints
  • dry sweeping[32]

Some power tools are equipped with dust collection system (e.g. HEPA vacuum cleaner) or integrated water delivery system which extract the dust after emission.[33][34]

Effects

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Air quality

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Indoor

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Outdoor

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Health

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In the US, “About 75% of homes built before 1978 contain some lead-based paint. The older the home the more likely it is to contain lead-based paint. You should assume that any home built before 1978 contains some lead.”[35]

In April 2010 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) required that all renovators working in homes built before 1978 and disturbing more than 6 square feet (0.56 m2) of lead paint inside the home or 20 square feet (1.9 m2) outside the home be certified. EPA's Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule (RRP Rule) lowers the risk of lead contamination from home renovation activities.[36] It requires that firms performing renovation, repair, and painting projects that disturb lead-based paint in homes, child care facilities and pre-schools (any child occupied facility) built before 1978 be certified by EPA and use certified renovators who are trained by EPA-approved training providers to follow lead-safe work practices.[37]

Careful stabilization of any deteriorated (peeling, chipping, cracking, etc.) paint in a lead-safe manner is also encouraged. Through authority vested in the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), lead-based-paint removal by dry scraping, dry sanding, torching and burning, the use of heat guns over 1100°F, and machine-sanding / grinding without a HEPA-filtered vacuum or a HEPA filtered dust collection system, is prohibited, as these methods have been proven to produce significant amount of lead dust during renovation, remodeling and painting.[38]

At the end of any remodeling or repainting job, a dust test performed by an independent third-party professional is also required by HUD for "clearance". Lead evaluations are done using a method called X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), which gives a result in 4–8 seconds with a 95% accuracy at the 2-sigma level.

As of 2018, there are an estimated 37 million homes and apartments with lead paint in the United States.[39]

Sustainability

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Currently, worldwide 38% of emissions and 35% of energy use come from the building sector, including building construction and operation. This means renovations contribute to emissions and energy use of the building sector. These percentages are the largest portion of the total emissions and energy use globally.[40] This makes buildings have the highest potential for decreasing these percentages as well as the largest need to decrease them. Renovations are also one way to do this.

Renovations decrease emissions as instead of demolishing a building just to build a new one the building is reused. Reuse of buildings is not always desirable as it is often pursued to have a building designed for the many individual and unique needs building owners have but it is not always a necessity. Renovations can take a building and make it completely different from the old building just reusing the structure, which is often the largest contributor of embodied carbon to a building. However, in order to be able to do this buildings need to be design durably and re-use. Designing for durability and reuse is designing for new buildings to be "long lasting, use-adaptable, and culturally valuable"[14] to allow for the building to be kept for longer to minimize emissions from a complete rebuild.

Having these ideas in mind while designing new buildings significantly increases the likelihood for renovations to happen.[14] Buildings are more likely to be torn down because they can not accommodate the new desired use then because the structure is failing.[16] Renovations allow old buildings to fit new needs in a way that outputs less emissions than a complete tear down and construction of a new building which is often a feasible option.

Economic

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Renovated church, now condominiums, Watertown, Massachusetts

Renovation has several effects on economies, including:[41]

 

Regulation

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See also

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  • Solvent – Substance dissolving a solute resulting in a solution
  • Cancer – Group of diseases involving cell growth
  • Concrete – Composite construction material
  • Construction waste – Unwanted material produced directly or incidentally by the construction industries
  • Do it yourself – Building, modifying, or repairing, without the aid of experts or professionals
  • Home improvement – Process of renovating or making additions to one's home
  • How Buildings Learn – Book by Stewart Brand
  • Indoor air quality – Air quality within and around buildings and structures
  • Lead positioning – Poisoning caused by lead in the body
  • Metal swarf – Filing debris or waste resulting from metal manufacturing processes
  • Microplastics – Extremely small fragments of plastic
  • Particulates – Microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the Earth's atmosphere
  • Power tools – Tool that is actuated by an additional power source and mechanism other than by hand alone
  • Pollution – Introduction of contaminants that cause adverse change
  • Repair Café – Venues where people gather and repair everyday items
  • Sawdust – Byproduct or waste product of woodworking operations (sawing, sanding, milling, etc.)
  • TVOC – Organic chemicals having a high vapor pressure at room temperature
  • Welding – Fabrication process for joining materials
  • Wood glue – Adhesive made of natural or synthetic raw materials for bonding wood and wood-based materials
  • Wood preservative – Treatment or process aimed at extending the service life of wood structures

References

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  30. ^ Wasley, Andrew; Heal, Alexandra; Harvey, Fiona; Lainio, Mie (13 June 2019). "Revealed: UK government failing to tackle rise of serious air pollutant". The Guardian.
  31. ^ Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Andersen, Zorana J; Beelen, Rob; Samoli, Evangelia; Stafoggia, Massimo; Weinmayr, Gudrun; et al. (August 2013). "Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)". The Lancet Oncology. 14 (9): 813–822. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1. PMID 23849838. Archived from the original on May 30, 2020.
  32. ^ a b c This article contains OGL licensed text This article incorporates text published under the British Open Government Licence: "Frequently asked questions – Dust". HSE GOV.UK. 13 Jun 2023. Retrieved 8 Apr 2024.
  33. ^ "Beware of dust - Hilti Canada".
  34. ^ "Dust control - Hilti Hong Kong".
  35. ^ "MN Dept. of Health". Lead Contaminated Soil. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  36. ^ "Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Program Rules". Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2020-09-14. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  37. ^ "Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Program". EPA. 2020-10-15. Archived from the original on 6 July 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  38. ^ "Protect Your Family From Lead in Your Home" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 22, 2020.
  39. ^ Schmidt, Charles (2018-03-21). "America's Misguided War on Childhood Lead Exposures". Cambridge, Mass.: Undark. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  40. ^ United Nations Environment Programme, "2020 Global status report for buildings and construction: towards a zero-emissions, efficient and resilient buildings and construction sector" (Nairobi, Kenya: Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction, 2020). from: https://globalabc.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2020%20Buildings%20GSR_FULL%20REPORT.pdf . Accessed 8 Oct 2021
  41. ^ "Foundations for future growth in the Remodeling Industry" (PDF). Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.

Further reading

[edit]

 

Merchandise on display in a hardware store
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The concept of home improvement, home renovation or remodeling is the process of renovating, making improvements or making additions to one's home.[1] Home improvement can consist of projects that upgrade an existing home interior (such as electrical and plumbing), exterior (masonry, concrete, siding, roofing) or other improvements to the property (i.e. garden work or garage maintenance/additions). Home improvement projects can be carried out for a number of different reasons; personal preference and comfort, maintenance or repair work, making a home bigger by adding rooms/spaces, as a means of saving energy, or to improve safety.[2]

Types of home improvement

[edit]
Man painting a fence

While "home improvement" often refers to building projects that alter the structure of an existing home, it can also include improvements to lawns, gardens, and outdoor structures, such as gazebos and garages. It also encompasses maintenance, repair, and general servicing tasks. Home improvement projects generally have one or more of the following goals:[citation needed]

Comfort

[edit]

Maintenance and repair

[edit]

Maintenance projects can include:

Additional space

[edit]

Additional living space may be added by:

  • Turning marginal areas into livable spaces such as turning basements into recrooms, home theaters, or home offices – or attics into spare bedrooms.
  • Extending one's house with rooms added to the side of one's home or, sometimes, extra levels to the original roof. Such a new unit of construction is called an "add-on".[3]

Saving energy

[edit]

Homeowners may reduce utility costs with:

Safety, emergency management, security and privacy

[edit]

The need to be safer or for better privacy or emergency management can be fulfilled with diversified measures which can be improved, maintained or added. Secret compartments and passages can also be conceived for privacy and security.

Home improvement industry

[edit]
Screws and bolts in an OBI home improvement store in Poland

Home or residential renovation is an almost $300 billion industry in the United States,[5] and a $48 billion industry in Canada.[6][full citation needed] The average cost per project is $3,000 in the United States and $11,000–15,000 in Canada.

Professional home improvement is ancient and goes back to the beginning of recorded civilization. One example is Sergius Orata, who in the 1st century B.C. is said by the writer Vitruvius (in his famous book De architectura) to have invented the hypocaust. The hypocaust is an underfloor heating system that was used throughout the Roman Empire in villas of the wealthy. He is said to have become wealthy himself by buying villas at a low price, adding spas and his newly invented hypocaust, and reselling them at higher prices.[7]

Renovation contractors

[edit]

Perhaps the most important or visible professionals in the renovation industry are renovation contractors or skilled trades. These are the builders that have specialized credentials, licensing and experience to perform renovation services in specific municipalities.

While there is a fairly large "grey market" of unlicensed companies, there are those that have membership in a reputable association and/or are accredited by a professional organization. Homeowners are recommended to perform checks such as verifying license and insurance and checking business references prior to hiring a contractor to work on their house.

Because interior renovation will touch the change of the internal structure of the house, ceiling construction, circuit configuration and partition walls, etc., such work related to the structure of the house, of course, also includes renovation of wallpaper posting, furniture settings, lighting, etc.

Aggregators

[edit]

Aggregators are companies that bundle home improvement service offers and act as intermediary agency between service providers and customers.

[edit]

Home improvement was popularized on television in 1979 with the premiere of This Old House starring Bob Vila on PBS. American cable channel HGTV features many do-it-yourself shows, as does sister channel DIY Network.[8] Danny Lipford hosts and produces the nationally syndicated Today's Homeowner with Danny Lipford. Tom Kraeutler and Leslie Segrete co-host the nationally syndicated The Money Pit Home Improvement Radio Show.

Movies that poked fun at the difficulties involved include: Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House (1948), starring Cary Grant and Myrna Loy; George Washington Slept Here (1942), featuring Jack Benny and Ann Sheridan; and The Money Pit (1986), with Tom Hanks and Shelley Long. The sitcom Home Improvement used the home improvement theme for comedic purposes.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/home-improvement
  2. ^ https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/home-improvements
  3. ^ "Add-on". English Oxford Living Dictionary (US). Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on February 21, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  4. ^ Use a Programmable Thermostat, Common Sense, to Reduce Energy Bills Archived July 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Brett Freeman, oldhouseweb.com
  5. ^ "Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University, 2007" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 7, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  6. ^ "Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation - Société canadienne d'hypothèques et de logement". Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved October 23, 2007.
  7. ^ "Canada Homeowners Community - Example of Low-Cost Advices used by Canadian Homeowners (Community) for Home Improvement that boost the sale of your Home". Canada Homeowners Community. January 12, 2020.
  8. ^ Cerone, Daniel (September 17, 1991). "Tim Allen's Power Tools : Television: The comic who had Disney and cable executives abuzz parlayed his luck to develop 'Home Improvement". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]

 

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A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

[edit]

A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

[edit]

A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

[edit]

In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

[edit]

In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Licensing requirements

[edit]

Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

[edit]

Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

[edit]

A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager". 10 April 2023.
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Department of Defense Appropriations Part 3: Procurement. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1968. p. 224.
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.

Sources

[edit]

 

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This depends on the overall remodeling budget and desired features. Ranges can cost from a few hundred dollars to over $10,000. Establishing a budget range helps narrow down options.
A: Gas, electric, or induction are the primary options. Consider existing hookups, cooking preferences, and energy costs.
A: Consider the available space, family size, and cooking habits. Options include standard sizes, slide-in ranges, drop-in cooktops, and various burner configurations.
A: Proper ventilation is crucial for removing smoke, grease, and odors. Consider factors like CFM (cubic feet per minute) rating, noise level, and ductwork requirements. Features like lighting and filters also play a role.